Research Paper on Rudyard Kipling Essay Example

Research Paper on Rudyard Kipling Essay Rudyard Kipling (Bombay, British India, December 30, 1865 – London, 18 January 1936) was a British writer. His books for children since their publication have known a success that has never wavered. The most famous are The Jungle Book (1894), The Second Jungle Book (1895), Just So Stories (1902), Puck, pixie the hill (1906). He was considered an â€Å"innovator in the art of the short story,† a precursor of the science fiction, and one of the greatest writers of children’s literature, his work showed a talent for the narration expressed in various forms. English poet and writer, Nobel laureate (1907), Rudyard Kipling was born in India, in Bombay, where his father, a sculptor and painter, taught at art schools, in 1875, John Lockwood Kipling became the director of the school and the curator of the Museum of Indian Arts. He was attracted to fiction and published the â€Å"Man and beast in India.† Kipling belonged to the narrow circle of the colonial elite and received recognition in India. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Rudyard Kipling specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Rudyard Kipling specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Rudyard Kipling specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Most of his childhood and adolescence Rudyard was held outside parental home. Six years old he and his sister was sent to England for training by a distant relative. The conditions were unbearable, instead adoration and affection that children receive at home from local nurse, they were intimidated and beaten. Mother who visited kids saw that due to the constant stress Rudyard almost went blind. Mother took the children back to India. But Rudyard soon went back to England, he was placed in college. There dominated the spirit of violence and drill, but Rudyard believed in necessity rigidness and severity as methods of children education. Kipling was not yet 17 years old when he left the college without finishing his education. He father has made for him an editor’s place in the newspaper. Rudyard soon found his literary vocation, School lyrics (1881) was his first attempt to write, although these poems were generally imitative. Seven years Kipling devoted to journalism. He traveled through the country and saw massive illiteracy, superstition, along with the high spirituality. Kipling entered the literature, when there was a necessity for some changes. In society there was a growing need for new characters, new ideas. He wrote about ordinary people but showed them, usually in extreme situations, unusual circumstances where human nature appeared, opening the depth of hitherto unknown power of the individual. One of the first he responded to trend of democratization of literary language and poetic style. Reading Kipling’s stories, the reader saw unknown and unvarnished life. If your goal is to write a first-rate research proposal on Rudyard Kipling, you can use free example research paper topics on different subjects. You will find them in quantity on the Web. CAUTION! As far as you know all free research paper samples and research proposal examples on Rudyard Kipling are 100% plagiarized!!! At EssayLib.com writing service you can order a custom research paper on Rudyard Kipling topics. Your research paper will be written from scratch. We hire top-rated Ph.D. and Master’s writers only to provide students with professional research paper assistance at affordable rates. Each customer will get a non-plagiarized paper with timely delivery. Just visit our website and fill in the order form with all research paper details: Enjoy our professional research paper writing service!

Calpurnia essays

Calpurnia essays Calpurnia acts like shes the mother of Scout and Jem. Not only does she cook and clean for the Finchs, she also disciplines, advises, and takes care of all Jems and Scouts needs. Cal is an extremely well educated black woman who lives in two very opposite worlds. In one world she is the mother of two white children and she speaks like them. In her other world shes with other blacks, going to church with them, and acting and talking like other blacks. Calpurnia is like a Ying-Yang symbol because she lives two opposite lives, and a little part of each life is within the other one. ...

Business Economics Master Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Economics Master - Essay Example Market segmentation is a two step process of naming broad product markets and segmenting these broad product markets in order to select target markets and develop suitable marketing mixes. For example, before 1960, the Coca-Cola Company produced only one beverage and aimed it at the entire soft drink market. Today Coca-Cola offers over a dozen different products to market segments based on diverse consumer preferences for flavors and calorie and caffeine content (Michael & Ash, 2004). It is now possible (especially in urban areas) to do all of one's shopping through an Internet connection. Groceries can be ordered online and delivered to keyed freezers in the driveway. Pizza can be ordered online and delivered within 30 minutes. Clothes, shoes, music, books, condoms, shampoo, jewelry, and even cars can be ordered online and delivered to your home. Tse and Yim (2001) conducted a study in HongKong interviewing book buyers regarding their choice to purchase a book online or at the store. SanFrancisco holds the lead for Internet purchases, with 22.3% of survey respondents indicating they had purchased online in the last 30 days (Fetto, 2002). Although this may not seem like a huge number, consider that most online purchases are made by people who have at least some expendable income. Consumers with expendable income are the ones most carefully targeted by marketing and advertising agencies. Consumers use the Internet not only to make purchases but to comparison shop, gather information about the product from a variety of sources, read the opinions or reviews of the product posted by other consumers, and so on. McKinney (2004) has proposed that there are five Internet consumer segments: confident/convenience oriented/ comparison, store preferred, highly involved, apathetic, and apprehensive. These segments represent five basic attitudes that consumers have toward Internet shopping. Interestingly, most of the respondents in the study were in the first segment (3 C's); they were confident in using the Internet, felt it was convenient, and provided a good way to comparison shop. The smallest consumer segment was the store preferred segment-individuals who preferred traditional mortar-and-bricks shopping to online shopping. However, even this segment did report shopping online occasionally. Thus, the Internet is pervasive in consumer culture, and this is likely to increase over time. The advent of wireless networking may mean that eventually someone standing in a store could use the Internet to comparison shop the same item they are seeing on the store shelf. When considering the impact of the Internet on consumer behavior, it is important to consider the new "world brand" or global community implications of Internet advertising and buying. Though not everyone has an outlet for a particular store in their vicinity, if they have Internet access they can still buy the product. This presents special issues. Colors have different meanings across various cultures. Global mass marketing has moved beyond Coca-Cola, which sells essentially the same product worldwide. However, other corporations market globally in much the way that Nabisco markets Oreos. The increase in the number of online consumers is

Principl Fetures of Budgeting as a Plnning and Control System Term Paper

Principl Fetures of Budgeting as a Plnning and Control System - Term Paper Example    OperÐ °tionÐ °l control - the process of ensuring thÐ °t specific tÐ °sks Ð °re cÐ °rried out efficiently Ð °nd effectively. It is Ð ° very short term Ð °ctivity for junior mÐ °nÐ °gemen Ð °nd Ð °ddresses their tÐ °rgets for dÐ °y to dÐ °y Ð °ctivity both finÐ °nciÐ °l Ð °nd nonfinÐ °nciÐ °l. There Ð °re substÐ °ntiÐ °l differences between strÐ °tegic plÐ °ns Ð °nd long-term budgets--both in how they Ð °re creÐ °ted Ð °nd in the end products. Very few orgÐ °nizÐ °tions reÐ °lly need Ð ° multiyeÐ °r budget. In fÐ °ct, for mÐ °ny orgÐ °nizÐ °tions, including community bÐ °nks, they cÐ °n sometimes do more hÐ °rm thÐ °n good. How they differ. The function of the budget is to mÐ °intÐ °in, protect, Ð °nd Ð °llocÐ °te the orgÐ °nizÐ °tion's resources. The strÐ °tegic plÐ °n prepÐ °res the bÐ °nk to mÐ °ke future decisions, enÐ °bling it to tÐ °ke Ð °dvÐ °ntÐ °ge of opportunities Ð °s they Ð °rise Ð °nd to Ð °void or lessen t he effects of Ð °dverse developments. The most importÐ °nt difference between the two is in the wÐ °y they influence the bÐ °nk's decision-mÐ °king processes. Community bÐ °nks hÐ °ve two choices: they cÐ °n reÐ °ct to chÐ °nges in the mÐ °rketplÐ °ce Ð °fter they occur, or they cÐ °n Ð °ct now to shÐ °pe the environment they will fÐ °ce in the future. In budgeting, such criticÐ °l issues Ð °re predetermined, either Ð °s finÐ °lized decisions or Ð °s Ð °ssumptions. CentrÐ °l to budgeting is the tÐ °sk of forecÐ °sting levels of loÐ °ns, deposits, Ð °nd revenue. But forecÐ °sting is relÐ °tively unimportÐ °nt in strÐ °tegic plÐ °nning. SimilÐ °rly, the relÐ °tionship between costs Ð °nd revenue generÐ °tion must be Ð °ssumed in budgeting. In strÐ °tegic plÐ °nning, such relÐ °tionships Ð °re Ð °t best Ð ° secondÐ °ry considerÐ °tion.   True strÐ °tegic plÐ °nning encompÐ °sses no such Ð °ttempt to predetermine decisions. InsteÐ °d, it provides Ð ° guide or frÐ °mework within which future decision mÐ °king will tÐ °ke plÐ °ce. It emphÐ °sizes longer rÐ °nge objectives, not so much in terms of specific finÐ °nciÐ °l performÐ °nce, but in terms of where Ð °nd how the firm will position itself with respect to customers, regulÐ °tors, employees, product types, technology, Ð °nd the community. For exÐ °mple, Ð ° bÐ °nk locÐ °ted in Ð °n Ð °reÐ ° where the demogrÐ °phics Ð °re chÐ °nging substÐ °ntiÐ °lly mÐ °y need to reposition itself by developing new products Ð °nd services Ð °nd corresponding outreÐ °ch efforts to meet the shifting needs of the community.  

Was the use of atomic bomb on japan justified Essay

Was the use of atomic bomb on japan justified - Essay Example But was Truman’s decision justified or was ill informed? A controversial event in history that has divided scholars right in the middle, the use of the Atomic Bomb was but a justified decision that spared the United States an estimated 250,000, perhaps more, sure fatalities in there planned invasion of Japan in addition to millions of Japanese [soldiers and civilians alike] destined for a bloody fight-to-the-death battle in defense of a beloved fatherland. The True Story While the weight of the fateful decision fell right on the shoulders of Truman, the origins of the weapon began with the Roosevelt administration’s fear of a parallel development of the same by Germany. Leo Szilard’s confidential letter to the then President Franklin Roosevelt, signed off by his longtime friend and collaborator Albert Einstein, outlining Germany’s concerted efforts on nuclear weapons formed the foundation of the Manhattan Project [S-1], â€Å"one of the largest, best-kept secret, massive resource consuming, scientific undertakings ever witnessed in history† (Walker 311-312). Indeed, even Truman, the then vice president had no knowledge of the project and only learnt of it in office. Though actively engaged in atomic research, German scientists, as it would later turn out right after Germany’s surrender, were far from reaching a fissionable chemical combination that could deliver results rivaling the United States’. Japan’s similar initiatives were thrown into disarray in April 1945 with a B-29 raid on Tokyo facilities leaving anything of the sort inundated. (Frank 252-253). The fall of the previously Japanese controlled Marianas Islands early in the campaign gave the United States formidable footholds of bringing the war closer home to the remaining Japanese strongly-held islands. With surrender heavily disdained, reinforcement directives from Imperial General Headquarters [IGHQ] detailed in the â€Å"Plan for the Conduct of Future Operations† went out on the 24th July, 1944 with four points: 1. Patriotic defense of the Philippines, Ryukyu, Kurile, Formosa, Japan Islands and the entire Japanese homeland from the shoreline right into the interior. 2. Massive annihilation of the Allies by sea, land and by the remaining air power for any attempted advance through the United States’ planned amphibious assault to the crucial areas [the â€Å"Sho-Go† Operations]. 3. The last two points called for the prevention of American B-29 aircraft attacks operating from China to ensure better cover [overrunning China bomber bases to open up continental railroads as an alternative route to their Southern Resources Area]. 4. Identifying alternative southern sea routes [particularly to the China Coast] to safeguard important military shipments (Bradlley 189). With the new SHO operations that basically enlarged mobile defense writ, Japan hoped to gain decisive victory no matter the beachhead attacked by the enemy. SHO-1 and SHO-2, the battles of Philippines and Formosa-Ryukyu were planned for august; followed by SHO-3 and SHO-4 in the home islands and Hokkaido scheduled for October 1944. Having identified possible planned landing bases by the invasion forces, the supposedly defeated Japanese strategically stationed themselves to meet the visitors head-on at an equal strength. As a tactical approach, they [Japanese] planned to abandoned direct combat with the powerfully

Design Flaws on the Titanic

Design Flaws on the Titanic The sinking of the Titanic is one of the most well known sea disasters to date. It has had numerous songs, movies, books, and even a cruise planned in its honor. There were 2340 people aboard the ship when it set sail across the Atlantic on its maiden voyage. When it sank, there was a total loss of life of 1635 people (Myers 17) Not only are there several theories about the cause, there are several changes that came from the sinking of the Titanic that range from modifying the designs of the ships, regulations on type of materials used, and better laws and regulations for safety and communications. This disaster has affected the world as a whole, as there were people from different countries and social status that lost their lives in the disaster. In 1904, Trans-Atlantic British ships were all fitted with the radio equipment created by Guglielmo Marconi. The operators for these were previous operators from railroad lines and the postal telegraph. In England, the general call on land lines was CQ. When the wireless progressed to sea this became CQD signifying CQ general call, D distress. The Titanic first used CQD with the Titanics call letters MGY. Later, they would use this interspersing it with the newly created distress code of SOS. (McEwen) When the Titanic set sail it was equipped with the best available electrical generators and radio equipment for the wireless by Marconi Company. Which was the dominate provider of radio equipment and operators. It had 5 kilowatt motor generator with an emergency generator and batteries. The radio had a guaranteed range of 250 miles under any weather and could maintain communications over 400 miles. The antenna was four wires stretched between two masts with a height of 205 feet above sea level. This was fed by four individual wire feed lines. (Johnson) On the night of the 14th, the two operators, Jack Phillips and Harold Bride, were going through the backlog of communications due to radio equipment problems. The first message received mentioned ice. By 9:30PM, they had received various reports of the dangerous ice. They only responded with Thanks and continued on. By 10:55, the Californian said that they were stopped and surrounded by ice and they were told to shut by Phillips, and that they (the Titanic operators) were busy with Cape Race. (Cape Race Wireless in Newfoundland). However, Captain Edward J. Smith of the Titanic ordered the change in course based on four of the received messages. Three warnings were received from the crows nest. (Myers 46) Even fifteen minutes before the Titanic struck, the lookout men had reported seeing an iceberg. No attention was paid to the warnings. (Myers 47) This was at 11:15pm. Murdock, the officer in charge of the bridge, was accused of being tardy in answering the call from lookouts. That without his tardiness, the Titanic could have averted the disaster, allowing her to turn enough to hit the iceberg with her stern. (Myers 48) It was also noted that disaster could have been averted had the lookout men in the crows nest been equipped with binoculars. They had requested these in Belfast, only to be turned away empty-handed. The Titanic was 900 ft long, 25 stories high, and weighed 46, 000 tons. It was created with turn of the century design and technology. It possessed 16 major watertight compartments in the lower section of the boat. These were easily sealed off if the hull was punctured. In the worse accident at sea (two ships collide) the Titanic should have been able to stay afloat for 2-3 days allowing time for resue. (Bassett) However, after the collision with the iceberg, the hull part of 6 of the 16 compartments were damaged. They sealed off the compartments but when the bow of the ship pitched forward from the water weight in that area, the water spilled over into the other adjacent compartments. They were only watertight horizontally, the tops were open and the walls extended only a few feet above the waterline. (Bassett) These compartments are what caused the general belief that the Titanic was practically unsinkable. However it is found that without those compartments the water would have sp read out, preventing the bow from weighing the ship down below water level. The White Star Line modified the Titanic sister ships, Olympic and Britannic, by extending the double bottoms up the sides of the hull, and the transverse bulkhead compartments were raised. (Garzke and others) In addition to the design flaws, it was found that the hull steel and wrought iron rivets failed due to brittle fracture. This is a type of failure in structural materials that occurs without prior deformation and at extremely high speeds. Brittle fracture is caused by low temperatures, high impact load, and high sulphur content. At the night of the collision, all three causes were present. (Bassett) Scientists recovered a piece of the hull steel and noted that the edges were jagged and sharp, shattered as if it was china. The metal showed no evidence of bending or deformation. High quality steel is more ductile and will deform rather than break. (Gannon, 1995) The steel recovered from the Titanic was given the Charpy test This is where a cigarette sized coupon of steel from the wreck was held against steel backing and struck with a 67lb pendulum on a 2 ÂÂ ½ ft long arm. This was compared with modern steel and they were placed in a alcohol bath at -1ÂÂ °C to simulate the co nditions of the disaster. The modern steel bent into a v, wereas the Titanic steel pinged, the pendulum barely slowed and the broken piece flew across the room (Bassett) The wrought iron rivets in the hull were also have shown to fail due to brittle facture. In addition to that design flaws, tests have shown that lesser quality iron rivets when they hit the iceberg, the weaker rivets in the bow popped, opening the seams in the hull (Hooply-McCarty and Foeck) From the beginning of the voyage, there were not enough lifeboats for the amount of people on the ship. If the lifeboats were filled to capacity, they would fit 1100 people( Myers 17) The designer had allowed room on deck for 2 rows of lifeboats. One row was removed in order to make the deck ascetically pleasing.(Bassett) The British Board of Trade regulations at that time stated that all British vessels over 10,000 tons must carry 16 lifeboats with a capacity of 5,500 cubic feet, plus enough rafts and floats for 75% of the lifeboats. These were obviously out of date as steamships had greatly grown in size proven by Titanics 46, 000 tons. Actually, The White Star Line had provided 20 lifeboats which was more than required by law, but inadequate for the amount of passengers on board. There were multiple changes in the laws and regulations after the Titanic disaster. After the Titanic sank, they strengthened the laws governing the use of radio equipment on ocean liners. (Gale Group 199 9) There were new established safety regulations. The US government also began ice patrols to alert the English and US boats of approaching ice fields, they made sure the lifeboats were supplied properly, and change the requirements regarding lifeboats. Up to this point, lifeboats were based on tonnage, and this was change so that every person aboard the ship had a seat on the lifeboat. They also established lifeboat drills that were held once the ship sailed. (Visible Ink Press) The Titanic barely made a noise when it struck the iceberg. Large amounts of the passengers had already gone to bed. Stewards and other members of crew were sent to arouse the people. Some refused to get up. The crew almost had to force the doors of the staterooms to make them appreciate their peril; many were drowned like rats in a trap.(Myers 53) The slight lean the ship had as it was sinking, contributed to a larger loss of life, as few could believe that there was danger, and this resulted in the passengers going back to their various activities, or going to dress. Once on the deck, many hesitated to enter the swinging life-boats. The glassy sea, the starlit sky, the absence, in the first few moments of intense excitement, gave them the feeling that there was only some slight mishap; that those who got on the boats would have a chilly half hour below and might, later, be laughed at. (Myers 57) The call was put out that the lifeboats would be filled with women and children first. This caused a panic as many women clung to their husbands and refused to be separated. A number of steerage passengers were yelling, screaming and fighting to get on board. Officers drew guns and told them if they moved towards the boats they would be shot dead. (Myers 59) However, once on the lifeboats, it was discovered that there was a lack of necessary equipment. The boats were filled 1/3 to capacity, with no supplies, no way to raise sails or operate sailboats. (Myers 72) Several of the lifeboats would return to allow some fo the survivors ot climb into the lifeboa ts, escaping from the freezing water. The RMS Carpathia was the closest ship to the disaster that responded, and would be the one that brought the survivors to New York City. The total loss of life would amount to 1635 people. (Myers 17) From these survivors, a large portion of these are children from first and second class. Only 27 children were saved from the 79 total of third class passengers. This could also be contributed to the language barrier due to the large amount of foreign third class passengers. There were a total of 425 women aboard the ship, from first, second, third class, and crewmembers. Out of these, 316 survived. The majority loss of life, also coming from the third class passengers. Only 338 men survived the sinking, this is out of all 1352 men aboard. This is partially due to the women and children first rule. At the time of voyage, there were a variety of the rich and powerful on the Titanic. These included: John Jacob Astor IV and his wife, Madelein, Macys owner Isidor Straus, and his wife, Ida, silent film actress, Dorothy Gibson, the Countess of Rothes, Denver millionaire, Margaret Brown, Sir Cosmo Duff Gordon, and his couturier wife, streetcar magnate, George Dunton Widner, Pennsylvania railroad executive John Borland Thayer and his 17yr old son, and U.S. presidential aide Major Archibald Butt. When news of the Titanic spread, the resulting panic insued because of some of the worlds movers and shakers were on that boat, and the public worried about how this would effect them. The Titanic is one of the great sea disasters to date. The resulting loss of life and loss of large amounts of money, mail, and various riches that couldnt be replaced, or retrieved. There are no survivors left of this disaster, however to this day, Belfast mourns the loss of 123 people from Lebanon traveling on the Titanic along with mostly European passengers and Asian crew. Every year they lay a wreath to commemorate the loss. (The Irish Times.) The ultimate cause of the Titanic sinking was from striking an iceberg on its voyage from Belfast to its ultimate destination of New York. During the time they were crossing the North Atlantic, they were also battling a coal fire in one of the bunkers. It was assumed that the crew was attempting to break speed records at that time. However, the ship was built for comfort, rather than speed. And in further investigation of reports from surviving crew, the fire has become another factor as to why ship was moving so fast after reports came in about the ice fields in an area of the North Atlantic that made the travel distance shorter from the original planned route. If there was a reason for speed, it had to be something important, like a fire in a coal bunker that neede to be kept under control and put out as soon as the ship reached port.(Science Daily) The multitude of complications that arouse from this maiden voyage changed history from the large loss of life. This could have been avoided with simple precautions, and a more realistic idea of the unsinkable Titanic. The communication issue on the Titanic is what pioneered the wireless world today. The new regulations for ships at sea, resulted in more and better equipped lifeboats and ice patrols in areas known for ice fields. The designs and materials used for the ships were changed to allow for safer ships, preventing the shattering of steel or water weighting down the ship. Without this disaster, would we have progressed this far so fast?

Theatrical Sound Designer :: Essays Papers

Theatrical Sound Designer The sound designer is responsible for handling the audio requirements of a theatrical performance. This includes the creation of sound effect cues, sound reinforcement, mixing, and possibly Foley. â€Å"Sound designers develop the aural, or sound, cues crucial to play’s mood. Running water, traffic, the murmuring of a crowd or the strains of music are the kinds of sound effects used as an integral part of a production.† (Mauro p.96) Along with the creation of sound, the sound designer must work in concert with all members of the design team from the lighting designer to the set designer, in order to create a total package. One of the first jobs a sound designer has is to read the script and create an effects cue sheet. A cue sheet is a list of the sound effects needed during a performance as determined by stage direction or intuition, such as a telephone ring, thunder, or the sound of a passing train. These sound effects may be created live during the performance using Foley, but more often than not the sound designer will utilize a keyboard and sampler, a CD player, or even a cassette tape deck. Depending on the theater the sound designer may have to employ some sound reinforcement techniques, such as micing the actors with wireless microphones or placing microphone such as PZMs on or around the stage. All of these signals are then routed through a mixing broad, which the sound designer operates during the performance. Although no formal training is required, experience in audio engineering, music theory, and basic stagecraft would be very beneficial. â€Å"Working in radio or for a studio that dubs sound cues in music could provide excellent experience.† (Mauro p.102) Most literature recommends an apprenticeship for breaking into the business, tacking a position as a sound person for example. A sound person implements the requirements but forth by sound designers and might also be expected to place the microphones and speakers. A sound person can expect to make anywhere from $250 to $1250 a week. (Field p.271-273) Depending on the market and venue a sound designer can expect to make $300-$1000 a week, to $100,000 a show for a Broadway production.