Paul Krugman is a Nobel Prize - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1432 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/10/31 Category Economics Essay Level High school Tags: Macroeconomics Essay Did you like this example? Paul Krugman is a Nobel Prize winning economist whose name is among those reaching the peaks of macroeconomics and beyond through his work on international trade among other topics. He is a professor of economics at City University of New York and a columnist for The New York Times. The Prize he received was due to his work in explaining the patterns of international trade and the geographic distribution of economies scale and of consumer preferences for diverse goods and services. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Paul Krugman is a Nobel Prize" essay for you Create order Krugmans influence on international trade has helped garner a better understanding of free trade, urbanization and how worldwide trade is dominated by countries of similar conditions and products. The trade theory was based on, as of the mid-1970s, on the notion of comparative advantage. Up until then, David Ricardos theory from the 19th century and Heckscher-Ohlin theory from the 1920s held more weight due to the assumption of trade being conducted either in terms of technology or factor endowments. Comparative advantage is the ability to produce a good at a lower opportunity cost than a competitor can. Ricardos theory stated that countries can specialize on the production of goods it produces efficiently and buy the goods it produces less efficiently from other countries, even if this means buying goods from other countries it could efficiently produce itself. The Heckscher-Ohlin theory summed down to a capital abundant country exporting relatively capital-intensive goods and importing labor-intensive goods while assuming that both countries hold identical technology. The left side shows that the best place for coconuts is the trading with the best place for wool. Both of their items has to do a lot with the climate due to their geographic location. On the other hand, the right side shows that countries can be similar in abilities but they tend to pick a good that requires large scale production and focus on it so that different countries can come to them for that particular good. For example, Germany luxury cars trading with America for their aircrafts. The new trade began to emerge in the 1970s and was developed by Paul Krugman. This theory focuses on increasing returns to scale and network effects. Before this theory, the only reason trade was seen as a benefit was due to comparative advantage which means countries traded only what they were good at. These theories provided good explanations of the trade patterns in the first half of the 20th century. But as many researchers began to observe, comparative advantage seemed less relevant in the modern world. Today, most trade takes place between countries with similar technologies and similar factor proportions; quite similar goods are often both exported and imported by the same country. Paul Krugman developed that trade is due to increasing returns to scale, not the differences between the countries. He established a technology that indicates that it is cheaper to operate at large scale when extra units of a good are produced. When countries focus on the production of large quantities of specific products, it reduces production costs allowing for them to reap greater economies of scale. As a result, even if there are not differences in endowments, including culture and institutions, international trade is still beneficial. This is a form specialization which also helps to gain other network benefits while attaining a gain in economies of scale. The rate of scale is an increase in production which is related to the increase in factors of production. This is a relationship between input and output. There is a certain amount of input where the output remains constant so the best place for companies plugging in these inputs is to do it with the least amount of input generating the most output which in this case is at the number 3 for the scale of inputs. The new trade theory could also be said to show a role of government through their support in the growth of vital industries and in the promotion of new industries. There are many Asian economies who had protection and support from their governments which provides sustenance to this element of the new trade theory. For example, the support of the Japans government in the car industry. This evidence backs up the belief that a few years of support through tariff protection and domestic subsidies could be the encouragement needed in capital-intensive industries. There is also a downfall to government support because it could create a tendency for powerful businesses to rely on state support which could encourage inefficiency. The infant industry is another argument that justifies tariffs on imports to aid in the development of diverse industries. If a country could establish economies of scale through infrastructure then they can develop a comparative advantage and to do so they would place tariffs on countries where their industries have a dormant comparative advantage. While many developing countries have comparative advantage in minerals and agriculture, the long term production could be disadvantageous due to low-income elasticity of demand and unstable prices. The up and downs of supply and demand could be overcome if a developing country were to diversify the economy which could be done through a provision of a domestic market in lieu of a lack of capital markets through tariffs that will be reduced once the industries become more efficient. Urbanization, which has played a big part through specialization in the new trade theory, can be seen as a consequence of economic growth. It can also be seen as an extension of a process driven by technological and institutional changes in different countries. For example, specialization in the Silicon Valley surrounding the industry of IT expanded when Hewlett and Packard began the computer business. This is an outcome of network benefit which resulted in new firms popping up around older IT firms. The network effects can also be called the bandwagon effect where there is no intention to create value for others but it occurs anyway. The new trade theory also becomes an explanatory factor in the growth of globalization meaning that poor, underdeveloped countries that lag behind the economies of scale cannot hope to ever cultivate certain industries in their countries. There is not because of comparative advantage but due to the large economies of scale already owned by established firms. The increase in variety is a result of globalization. For example, there is heavy branding in the British and Italian labels so they hold a position in monopolistic competition even when they do not have a particular comparative advantage in producing clothes. The firms who have been a part of a certain industry for a long time have a certain advantage as opposed to new firms who cannot compete against these mature firms. The limited competition that global industries with great economies of scale face lead to a form of monopolistic competition. The element is very important in the new trade theory and it proposes that firms in their specialized industry are not just competing on simple price but also on branding and quality to out qualify the other and increase their demand. The number of firms in a competitive monopolistic industry and prices charged by them are affected by the size of market. The increase of the market size is credited to the opening up of a country to free trade. CC: AC= F/Q + c = n x F/S + c PP: P = c + 1/ (b x n). A type of imperfect rivalry, meaning monopolistic competition, is where many producers sell different products that are different from each another. There will be no single firm that controls the market and some firms will be larger than others. Aside from the automotive, pharmaceuticals and aerospace industries, another example is the fast food industry. On every corner of America, where there is a McDonalds, there will be a Burger King or Wendys or literally any other place that can serve food just as fast. The fast food restaurants will have something in their items that distinguishes them and that is a part of the new trade theory. The U.S. is big on imports more than exports which means there is a trade deficit. However, the investment of other countries is done in dollar so that makes Americas currency strong. The benefits of international trade outweigh the disadvantages that come with it. Paul Krugman influenced international trade through his analysis on trade patterns and location of economic activity. He revolutionized international trade by allowing other countries to take a step forward in strengthening their own economies through the commerce and trade. It has allowed underdeveloped countries to flourish and grow.

The Theory Of Free Will And Determinism - 1310 Words

Since the beginning of time man has questioned life in repose of if they are free, why and because. The question of whether there is a clash between causal necessity and human freedom was taken up by many philosophers put their own spin on the idea. Through this short text we will discuss the own theories of Hobbes, Laplace, Sartre, and Freud. The English philosopher Thomas Hobbes provides the text of Freedom to Do What We Want, where he states his belief in the idea of free will, which is that we will are own person to be free. This philosopher believes in compatibilist, which is the conviction that free will and determinism are harmonious ideas, and that it is possible to believe both without being plausibly unreliable. Compatibilists believe freedom can be present or absent in positions for reasons that have nothing to do with metaphysics. Hobbes has traditional ideas such as what exists is matter and motion i.e. Atoms, and occurs with strict and mechanical laws, and that’s about it. His views concerned with virtue, aristocracy, and ideas of good government. Essentially that was him in a nutshell till he stumbled upon Euclid proof and changed his views since. With this proof, Hobbes transformed the view of modern science from â€Å"black magic† to more acceptable to the public and pursued by public. His theory is that fear drives human action, that we as individuals are free to do something as long as they will themselves to. Pierre Simon de Laplace a French mathematicianShow MoreRelatedA Comparison Of Determinism And Free Will Theory1629 Words   |  7 Pages Magd Al Harbi A Comparison of Determinism Free Will Theory Kent State University Introduction One aspect of human existence that I think is particularly interesting is the extent of control of which we have over the decisions we make. In life, there are many decisions to be made, from simple ones that seem almost subconscious to complex decisions that can take days to ponder on. There are decisions that we make that directly affect others, indirectly affect others, and decisionsRead MoreFree Will Vs. Determinism879 Words   |  4 PagesFree Will vs. Determinism What determines and influences human behavior? Humans have been looking the answer for this question during several eras, thus they developed various theories attempting to explain human behavior. Determinism is the belief that one event is the consequence of a previous action, similar to a chain. According to some philosophers who support determinism, the will of an agent follows physical laws, and every action is explicable and predictable by physical conditions. By thisRead MoreDeterminism, Soft Determinism And Libertarianism982 Words   |  4 PagesDeterminism supporters claim that all consequences are inevitable since conditions are met and nothing else would occur by any chances. And determinism could influence and controlling everything in the universe with causal laws. According to determinism, we could make predictions about the occurrences of certain events or actions of human beings. There three types of determinism that I will discuss in the following, the Hard determi nism, Soft determinism and Libertarianism. Hard determinism claimsRead MoreDeterminism And Its Effects On Society957 Words   |  4 PagesDeterminism claims that all events are inevitable to have certain results at the end, since conditions are met and nothing else would occur. And it could apply to everything in the universe with causal laws. With the discovering laws, we could make predictions. Over the years, there are more than one determinism been developed over time. Hard determinism claims all the actions of human beings or consequences of events are determined by external conditions, with such conditions satisfied there willRead MoreDeterminism of Human Behavior Essay1176 Words   |  5 PagesDeterminism of Human Behavior Have you ever wondered why we do the things we do? Why might we get physical when we are angry? Why might we cry when we’re in pain? Why? What motivates us to behave the way we do in the numerous different situations we get ourselves into? Although there are many different answers that people could give us, there are two theories in particular that are highly debated with each other. One argument is that behaviour is determined throughRead MoreJohn Locke And John Chaffees Theory Of Philosophy1443 Words   |  6 Pagesbetween two extremes. John Locke developed his own theory of mind, which is often mentioned as the origin of modern conceptions of identity and self. Philosophers over the stretch of time have developed, and fine-tuned, their theories and conceptualized their own ideas on how and why all things in the universe work. From these different theories three examples of these ideas that stand out are determinism, compatibilism, and libertarianism. Determinism, defined by John Chaffee, is â€Å"The view that everyRead MoreThe True Nature Of Moral Responsibility936 Words   |  4 PagesThe theory that I find true to the true nature of moral responsibility and its relation to human freedom and determinism would be compatibilism. Compatibilism is the claim that we are both determined and that we have moral responsibility (Lawhead 120). It offers a solution to the free will problem. Free will goes along with determinism because of the moral responsibility and it is incompatibility between each other. We are still held responsible for our voluntary actions and our actions are stillRead MoreAnalysis Of The Philosophical Concepts Of Determinism And Free Will1711 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis of Free Will The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy defines â€Å"free will† as the discretion to choose between varieties of courses of action.The debate and arguments that surround free will have occupied philosophers for many centuries. Many scholars believe that the concept of free will is connected to the concept of responsibility, guilt, sin and other judgments that apply to the actions that are freely chosen by people. Other philosophers also link free will to the concept of persuasionRead MoreThe Master Of Their Destiny1446 Words   |  6 Pagespoint of view. It offers a point of view that states determinism is compatible with free will. Even though there are many arguments against this theory compatibilism offers people a alternative way of thinking, than that their life is already planned out for them out of their control. A compatibilist or also known as a soft determinist holds the belief that free will and determinism are evidently linked or are compatible with each other. Determinism states that every event is casually necessitated byRead MoreDeterminism Vs. Free Will893 Words   |  4 Pagesthe future is already determined is known in philosophy as determinism.   There are various definitions of determinism available; but in this essay, I shall use the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy definition, which is ‘the metaphysical thesis that the facts of the past, in conjunction with the laws of nature, entail every truth about the future This idea presents a difficult problem for the concept of free will:  how can we make free choices if all our actions are determined by the facts of the

The Long Telegrams Impact on the Truman Doctrine Free Essays

pThe long Telegram and It’s impact on the Truman Doctrine George Kennan’s long telegram had many impacts on the American foreign policy. Its influence can be seen directly through the Truman Doctrine in 1947. The Long Telegram influenced Truman’s doctrine of containment, and it opened the eyes of many Washington officials as to how dangerous the Soviets and more specifically communism was. We will write a custom essay sample on The Long Telegrams Impact on the Truman Doctrine or any similar topic only for you Order Now George Kennan’s Long Telegram was a reply as to why the Soviets weren’t supporting the World Bank and the International Money Fund. At the time, the  American view of the  Soviet was friendly, yet cautious because the  Soviets had been  allied with the US in  WWII. The long telegram, which wasreleased to the public in 1947, basically created the foundation on which the Cold War stood from the US’ point of view. By claiming that the Soviets were completely against capitalism, would side with Marxists, and separated from reality, Kennan set up a standard system of beliefs  that the US would follow throughout the Cold War, and even gave ideas as to how to combat the Soviets if need be. The Long Telegram gave the US clear reason to consider war with Russia inevitable. It fostered further fear in America of the Soviets by talking  about how  Russia couldn’t be trusted and great lengths should be taken to ensure the absence of Soviets and their influence  in America. The Truman Doctrine was a contribution made to foreign policy by Harry Truman in 1947, after the Long Telegram had come into being. Truman declared, kind of like Wilson’s Moral Diplomacy, that it was the US’ duty to spread democracy and battle communism. Truman asked Congress to send aid to Greece and Turkey. After being ravaged by Germany in WWII,  Greece had been about to lose aid from Great Britain; Turkey had also depended greatly on the help of the US and Britain. The US would  have been  in danger of losing power over the Soviets and in Europe and Asia had Russia gained the two countries. This proves that what George Kennan wrote helped Truman realize that he needed to help other nations and create the foreign policy. Kennans telegram greatly impacted many other aspects of the Truman doctrine, for example the truman Doctrine all but promised that the United States would resist any Soviet expansion. This refects Kennan’s advise that the United States must carefully choose its points of resistance. Kennan’s notion of containment which was expressed in the Long Telegram was also illustrartes in the Truman Doctrine. George Kennans writings inspired America and thanks to the Long Telegram and the Truman Doctrine, America opened their eyes and did what was necessary to not allow themselves to be over ruled by the soviets. How to cite The Long Telegrams Impact on the Truman Doctrine, Essay examples

International Journal Of Rotating Machinery-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The International Journal Of Rotating Machinery? Answer: Introduction Entrepreneurship is the key for the business organizations to provide unique and innovative products or services to the target customers. Entrepreneurship is the business strategy of undertaking financial risks by the business organizations in the hope of profit (Drucker 2014). This is because the target customers might not prefer the innovation in the product or service brought in by the company. This report introduces the smart and technological LINX cycling helmet launched by COROS. The report highlights background, idea of the product or the service along with analyzing the market. The marketing plan of the target customers is also developed along with analyzing the critical risks of for the company and the product. Background to the idea COROS aim towards launching a new product for the Australian market that will offer various services to the cyclists. The product aimed to be launched by the company is LINX smart cycling helmet. The company is located in Perth Australia. The company aim towards launching the LINX smart cycling helmet based on the demand of the Australian market. Cycling is highly preferred by the Australian population because the population is highly concerned about individual health and the environmental aspect. Moreover, mountain cycling is becoming highly popular among the youth and the tourist of the country. Therefore, the company is excited to launch the LINX smart cycling helmet due to the different innovative features of the product (Kirzner 2015). The idea behind the launch of the LINX smart cycling helmet is to provide smart features to the cyclists along with ensuring safety for the cyclists. For example, mountain cycling provides opportunity of exploring the scenic beauty that riders wants to capture. Therefore, capturing and video recording of the scenic beauty while riding is a facility preferred by the cyclists. Alongside, measuring the heartbeat and calories burned are additional features that are preferred by the cyclists. The companies found the preferences by analyzing the Australian market and therefore, aim towards fulfilling the demand of the customers. The LINX smart cycling helmet launched by the company has various innovative features included in the helmet (Barringer 2012). Mission By launching the LINX smart cycling helmet, the company wants o increase the profit margin of the business. This will be a one of its kind-cycling helmet, as other helmets in the market only offers safety features to the cyclists. The company hopes to educate and enlighten the customers about the appropriate use of the smart helmet. Additionally, the company also aims towards giving fun and exciting features to the cyclist while cycling for the purpose of adventure, exercising and daily use. This will help in creating a unique image in the eye of the customers and they will look for the company and its products years after years for innovative service. The management of the company will find great satisfaction in regards to the way the population will live a healthy life as well as contributing to the community and the environment (Kelly, Singer and Herrington 2012). Product offering The LINX cycling smart helmet has wide range of unique and innovative services to offer along with ensuring safety. The main priority of the company is to ensure safety for the cyclists. Thus, the helmet is manufactured by polycarbonate shell with EPS impact foam with aerodynamics-optimized ventilation up to 15 vents. For making the product available for wide range of customers, the helmet will be available in both medium and large sizes. This will helps in reducing the level of sound for the cyclist so that their level of concentration increases thereby, mitigating the probability of accidents (Sheard and Corsini 2012). The helmet also provides the facilities of receiving and making calls along with listening to music and voice navigation. Due to such features offered by the helmet, bone conduction transducers type of speaker was used with 100-decibel speaker sensitivity (ElHansy et al. 20117). The LINX smart cycling helmet can be used for daily used as well as mountain cycling. Con sidering this features, the company has used wind resistant microphone. The battery capacity of the helmet will be approximately 10 hours per day and is manufactured by lithium. As a result, the battery used for the helmet exhausted less battery in spite of using calling and music facilities. The compatibility of the helmet will include 4.0, iOS and android devices. Additionally, the company has also considered that the weight of the helmet needs to be minimal. This will put less pressure for the cyclists thereby, mitigating the chances of neck and shoulder pain. Therefore, the weight of the helmet will be approximately 400 grams. In spite of having so many features included in the helmet, the product is certified by consumer product safety commission. For the customers, the company has kept one-year warranty period in case of emergencies such as breakage and disfunctioning of the features (Vdovin 2013). Market analysis Prior to the launch, the company needs to analyze the present market both in terms of industry and in terms of the competitors. This will allow the company to used appropriate marketing strategies in terms of promotion, distribution, innovativeness and pricing strategies. Analyzing the market will allow COROS to understand its position compared to the other companies in the market that offers similar products. Industry analysis P- Australia is governed by federal constitutional monarchy under the parliamentary democracy E- They have a strong economy with variety of natural resources. Their trade is based on the five principles of unilaterism, non discrimination, separation, transparency and indivisibility of trade policies. S- Aborigines were the first people of Australia. English is the most common language spoken in Australia. T- The access to internet by the Australian households has grown over the years. Expenditure on research and development has also reached the highest level. E- The continent has a large portion of unique plants and animals that cannot be found anywhere. The challenges include global warming, conservation of marine fauna, ocean dumping, and so on. L- The legal system is based on the rule of law, justice and independence of judiciary. They have eight state and territory systems and one federal system (Kremer and Symmons 2015). From the PESTLE analysis of the Australian market, it can be suggested that the country has a strong and stable political scenario that facilitates the growth of business organizations along with launching new products by the existing business organizations. The country has one of the growing economies and GDP in the world favoring business ventures. The legal system is also stable facilitating the growth of business in the country. Based on the above analysis, it can be suggested that the launch of LINX smart cycling helmet by COROS is appropriate. Competition In order to analyze the current market, the company will use Porters five forces. This will help in determining the attractiveness of the industry. According to (E Dobbs 2014), Porters five forces includes industry rivalry, threat to substitutes, and bargaining power of the buyers, suppliers, and barriers to enter the market. Threat of new entrants As mentioned by (Yunna and Yisheng 2014), the entry barriers of the market is the potential threat for the new products entering the market. This combines the economy and the operational scope such as cost structure, product differentiation, customer loyalty and the switching cost. The helmet manufacturing industry is a large industry globally that includes high capital costs that indicates high total and fixed costs. High amount of economies scales is noticed in the helmet manufacturing industry due to which the cost capital needs effective management. This will allow effective management of project resources for manufacturing helmets in terms of finance. The main aim of the company is to provide additional facilities to the customers along with ensuring safety while cycling. The factors that will help the product are the innovative features. The latter factor is dependent on the management of the company as the expansion of the helmet manufacturing industry is slow, as it is not fa vored by most of the population. Threat of substitute products As mentioned by Porter and Heppelmann (2014), except recession the purchasing of products are not hampered. Theoretically, the role of substitute products aims towards reducing the cost or charging higher price for the product. The organizations in the hotel manufacturing industry can compete with each other based on the innovativeness of the product. The competition between the manufacturers is also based on the unique facilities they can provide along with safety for the cyclists (Fischberg et al. 2013). Bargaining power of suppliers The suppliers of the helmet manufacturing industry might become powerful if the company emphasizes more on the demand of the customers rather than considering the the command for the business shares. The customers are vulnerable to product differentiation and costs of the product. Therefore, the customers will not prefer spending extra amount due to the market demand of the product. In addition to, if the features affect the image and quality of the LINX smart cycling helmet (Lee, Kim and Park 2012). Bargaining power of the buyers The helmet manufacturing industry might be affected by the bargaining power of the buyers, as they are concerned in purchasing the product. The group of buyer for the LINX smart cycling helmet includes the health fitness individuals, customers for using cycling daily and the tourists. The strategy is restricted for the aforementioned group as targeting other customers will incur loss for the organization (Marshall 2013). Threat of competitors The level of competition is based on the size and the number of competitors that are present in the potential market. The market competition is fierce when it comes to product differentiation and switching the cost that are rather low. The competition emphasizes costs that are more fixed (Rothaermel 2015). Primary target market In order to launch the unique and innovative product, COROS needs to target the potential customers. As commented by Liao et al. (2012), targeting customers allows the business organizations to emphasize on the needs and demands of the customers thereby, implementing operational, pricing and promotional strategies accordingly. The customers targeted by the organization are the children, young adults and the tourists. The Australian population suffers various complications in terms of health due to unhealthy lifestyle and diet. Therefore, they suffer from disorders such as obesity and other diseases. Therefore, targeting the children and the young adults are justified selection by the company. The additional features incorporated by the company within the helmets will attract the children and the young adults to exercise and use cycling for daily use. Features such as listening to music, making calls and video recording will influence the target customers for cycling. Additionally, the company has also targeted the tourists that prefer adventure and mountain cycling. The helmet will be extremely beneficial for the tourist as they will be able to record the areas they are exploring. Targeting the tourists is a business strategy implemented by COROS to invade the secondary markets as well. If the features and the benefits of the helmet will spread among the tourists, the company will be able to promote the helmet to other countries by word of mouth. Therefore, the company can prepare for international expansion in future. Marketing As commented by Ananda, Hernandez-Gracia and Lamberti (2014), marketing helps the company in communicating the products and its features to the target customers. Therefore, appropriate marketing will help COROS in communicating the unique and innovative features of the product to the target customers. This will help in making the product known among the target customers along with maximizing the sales. Sales maximization will help COROS in earning profit and expand the business. Product The product launched by COROS is LINX smart cycling helmet. The helmet differs from the normal cycling helmets as it offers wide range of services. The helmet weighs only 400 gms and is manufactured by polycarbonate shell with EPS impact foam. The helmet has the facility of video recording that will help the customers to capture the scenic beauty for leisure purpose. On the other hand, the helmet also offers facilities such as making calls, listening to music and audio GPS navigation. Therefore, the helmet can also influence the decision of the customers for using cycling at a regular basis for work purpose. This will be beneficial for the individual customers as well as the environment. Pricing Based on the target customers and the wide range of facilitates offered by the helmet the company has implemented penetration pricing strategy for the helmet. The starting cost of the helmet for the Australian population is minimum $200. The company has kept low price for the product initially, as this will help in convincing the customers for buying the helmet. The low price will not make the target customers think much before investing or purchasing the product. Comparatively low price of the helmet will help in attracting more customers when the product will be launched. Distribution COROS has decided to distribute the product from the stores. The product will be sold from various shops that are selling bicycles and the shops that are selling exercising equipment. Distributing the helmet from the store will allow the customers to evaluate the product physically. This will provide an opportunity for the customers to understand the features of the helmet thereby, influencing the purchasing decision. Apart from the distributing the product from the stores, the company will distribute the helmet online. Selling the product online will provide an opportunity for the company to reach out to customers even in the absence of the stores (Meng and Chatwin 2012). Therefore, this will provide opportunity for COROS to invade the secondary market as well. Promotion COROS has used various types of promotional strategies in to order to communicate the product to the target customers. As a promotional strategy, the company displayed displayed the features of the LINX smart cycling product by organizing a grand opening of the product. Keeping in the the innovative features that can influence the target customers for using the product, COROS has decided to associate the product with one of the youth icons or celebrities. This was a psychographic segmentation used by the company for attracting the customers. Alongside, as the promotional strategy, the company will be releasing the videos concerning the product by broadcasting it through social media (Bakshi and Gupta 2013). This allowed the company to promote the product by livestreaming videos related to the product and attracting the customers. Financial plan Startup expenses Legal $1,300 Brochures $3,580 Consultants $3,000 Insurance $2,400 Rent $4,400 Store setup $10,000 Other $2,500 Startup assets Cash required $67,123 Startup Inventory $16,027 Other current assets $0 Long term assets $59,170 Startup Funding Startup expenses to fund $27,680 Startup assets to fund $142,320 Total funding required Non-cash assets $75,197 Cash requirement $67,123 Additional cash raised $0 Cash balance on starting date $67,123 Total assets Current borrowing $10,000 Long term liabilities $20,000 Accounts payable $0 Other current liabilities $0 Total liabilities Planned investment $140,000 Critical risks However, there are some significant risks of launching the LINX smart cycling product. The company predicts that the product might fail in attracting the potential customers. This is because the company might fail to create a unique image in the eye of the target customers. The children and the young adults might not consider the beneficial aspect of the cycling both in terms of the environment and in terms of individual. Therefore, the target customers might not prefer to buy the LINX smart cycling helmet. On the other hand, the target customers might not prefer buying the smart helmet due to its various technological features. Such as the parents might hesitate in allowing the children to use the helmet while cycling due to features such as making calls, video recording and listening to music. The parents might think such technological features will restrict the target customers from concentrating while cycling. As a result, the chances of accidents while wearing the helmet is more compared to normal cycling helmets. Conclusion In this report, it can be concluded that the new, unique and innovative product COROS wants to launch for the Australian market is the LINX smart cycling helmet. The helmet is one its kind as it provides various other services along with ensuring safety for the cyclists. The helmet had facilities such as measuring the heartbeat, number of calories burnt along with making calls, video recording and voice GPS navigation. Keeping in mind the daily needs and health of the population, the company has selected the young adults and children as the target customers. A financial plan for the launch of the cycling helmet is done for estimating the overall budget. The market and competitors analysis highlights that Australia is a stable company and favors the launch of the new product. Additionally, a marketing plan is devised for the company to launch the product that includes product, price, promotion and place. References Ananda, A.S., Hernndez-Garca, . and Lamberti, L., 2014, June. RENL: A framework for social media marketing strategy. In 1st Annual EDIM PhD Conference, Milan, Italy (pp. 11-12). Bakshi, G. and Gupta, S.K., 2013. Online advertising and its impact on consumer buying behavior. International Journal of Research in Finance and Marketing, 3(1), pp.21-30. Barringer, B., 2012. Entrepreneurship: Successfully Launching New Ventures, (2012). Drucker, P., 2014. Innovation and entrepreneurship. Routledge. Dobbs, M., 2014. Guidelines for applying Porter's five forces framework: a set of industry analysis templates. Competitiveness Review, 24(1), pp.32-45. ElHansy, M.H., Boules, M.E., Farid, H., Chrystyn, H., El-Maraghi, S.K., Al-Kholy, M.B., El-Essawy, A.F.M., Abdelrahman, M.M., Said, A.S., Hussein, R.R. and Rabea, H., 2017. In vitro aerodynamic characteristics of aerosol delivered from different inhalation methods in mechanical ventilation. Pharmaceutical development and technology, 22(6), pp.844-849. Fischberg, D., Bull, J., Casarett, D., Hanson, L.C., Klein, S.M., Rotella, J., Smith, T., Storey, C.P., Teno, J.M., Widera, E. and Force, A.C.W.T., 2013. Five things physicians and patients should question in hospice and palliative medicine. Journal of pain and symptom management, 45(3), pp.595-605. Kelley, D.J., Singer, S. and Herrington, M., 2012. The global entrepreneurship monitor. 2011 Global Report, GEM 2011, 7. Kirzner, I.M., 2015. Competition and entrepreneurship. University of Chicago press. Kremer, P.D. and Symmons, M.A., 2015. Mass timber construction as an alternative to concrete and steel in the Australia building industry: a PESTEL evaluation of the potential. International Wood Products Journal, 6(3), pp.138-147. Lee, H., Kim, M.S. and Park, Y., 2012. An analytic network process approach to operationalization of five forces model. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 36(4), pp.1783-1795. Liao, S.H., Chu, P.H., Chen, Y.J. and Chang, C.C., 2012. Mining customer knowledge for exploring online group buying behavior. Expert Systems with Applications, 39(3), pp.3708-3716. Marshall, S., 2013. Evaluating the strategic and leadership challenges of MOOCs. Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 9(2), p.216. Meng, S.K. and Chatwin, C., 2012. Measuring e-marketing mix elements for online business. International Journal of E-Entrepreneurship and Innovation (IJEEI), 3(3), pp.13-26. Porter, M.E. and Heppelmann, J.E., 2014. How smart, connected products are transforming competition. Harvard Business Review, 92(11), pp.64-88. Rothaermel, F.T., 2015. Strategic management. McGraw-Hill Education. Sheard, A.G. and Corsini, A., 2012. The mechanical impact of aerodynamic stall on tunnel ventilation fans. International Journal of Rotating Machinery, 2012. Vdovin, A., 2013. Investigation of Aerodynamic Resistance of Rotating Wheels on Passenger Cars. Yunna, W. and Yisheng, Y., 2014. The competition situation analysis of shale gas industry in China: Applying Porters five forces and scenario model. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 40, pp.798-805.

Research Paper on Rudyard Kipling Essay Example

Research Paper on Rudyard Kipling Essay Rudyard Kipling (Bombay, British India, December 30, 1865 – London, 18 January 1936) was a British writer. His books for children since their publication have known a success that has never wavered. The most famous are The Jungle Book (1894), The Second Jungle Book (1895), Just So Stories (1902), Puck, pixie the hill (1906). He was considered an â€Å"innovator in the art of the short story,† a precursor of the science fiction, and one of the greatest writers of children’s literature, his work showed a talent for the narration expressed in various forms. English poet and writer, Nobel laureate (1907), Rudyard Kipling was born in India, in Bombay, where his father, a sculptor and painter, taught at art schools, in 1875, John Lockwood Kipling became the director of the school and the curator of the Museum of Indian Arts. He was attracted to fiction and published the â€Å"Man and beast in India.† Kipling belonged to the narrow circle of the colonial elite and received recognition in India. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Rudyard Kipling specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Rudyard Kipling specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Rudyard Kipling specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Most of his childhood and adolescence Rudyard was held outside parental home. Six years old he and his sister was sent to England for training by a distant relative. The conditions were unbearable, instead adoration and affection that children receive at home from local nurse, they were intimidated and beaten. Mother who visited kids saw that due to the constant stress Rudyard almost went blind. Mother took the children back to India. But Rudyard soon went back to England, he was placed in college. There dominated the spirit of violence and drill, but Rudyard believed in necessity rigidness and severity as methods of children education. Kipling was not yet 17 years old when he left the college without finishing his education. He father has made for him an editor’s place in the newspaper. Rudyard soon found his literary vocation, School lyrics (1881) was his first attempt to write, although these poems were generally imitative. Seven years Kipling devoted to journalism. He traveled through the country and saw massive illiteracy, superstition, along with the high spirituality. Kipling entered the literature, when there was a necessity for some changes. In society there was a growing need for new characters, new ideas. He wrote about ordinary people but showed them, usually in extreme situations, unusual circumstances where human nature appeared, opening the depth of hitherto unknown power of the individual. One of the first he responded to trend of democratization of literary language and poetic style. Reading Kipling’s stories, the reader saw unknown and unvarnished life. If your goal is to write a first-rate research proposal on Rudyard Kipling, you can use free example research paper topics on different subjects. You will find them in quantity on the Web. CAUTION! As far as you know all free research paper samples and research proposal examples on Rudyard Kipling are 100% plagiarized!!! At EssayLib.com writing service you can order a custom research paper on Rudyard Kipling topics. Your research paper will be written from scratch. We hire top-rated Ph.D. and Master’s writers only to provide students with professional research paper assistance at affordable rates. Each customer will get a non-plagiarized paper with timely delivery. Just visit our website and fill in the order form with all research paper details: Enjoy our professional research paper writing service!

Calpurnia essays

Calpurnia essays Calpurnia acts like shes the mother of Scout and Jem. Not only does she cook and clean for the Finchs, she also disciplines, advises, and takes care of all Jems and Scouts needs. Cal is an extremely well educated black woman who lives in two very opposite worlds. In one world she is the mother of two white children and she speaks like them. In her other world shes with other blacks, going to church with them, and acting and talking like other blacks. Calpurnia is like a Ying-Yang symbol because she lives two opposite lives, and a little part of each life is within the other one. ...

Business Economics Master Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Economics Master - Essay Example Market segmentation is a two step process of naming broad product markets and segmenting these broad product markets in order to select target markets and develop suitable marketing mixes. For example, before 1960, the Coca-Cola Company produced only one beverage and aimed it at the entire soft drink market. Today Coca-Cola offers over a dozen different products to market segments based on diverse consumer preferences for flavors and calorie and caffeine content (Michael & Ash, 2004). It is now possible (especially in urban areas) to do all of one's shopping through an Internet connection. Groceries can be ordered online and delivered to keyed freezers in the driveway. Pizza can be ordered online and delivered within 30 minutes. Clothes, shoes, music, books, condoms, shampoo, jewelry, and even cars can be ordered online and delivered to your home. Tse and Yim (2001) conducted a study in HongKong interviewing book buyers regarding their choice to purchase a book online or at the store. SanFrancisco holds the lead for Internet purchases, with 22.3% of survey respondents indicating they had purchased online in the last 30 days (Fetto, 2002). Although this may not seem like a huge number, consider that most online purchases are made by people who have at least some expendable income. Consumers with expendable income are the ones most carefully targeted by marketing and advertising agencies. Consumers use the Internet not only to make purchases but to comparison shop, gather information about the product from a variety of sources, read the opinions or reviews of the product posted by other consumers, and so on. McKinney (2004) has proposed that there are five Internet consumer segments: confident/convenience oriented/ comparison, store preferred, highly involved, apathetic, and apprehensive. These segments represent five basic attitudes that consumers have toward Internet shopping. Interestingly, most of the respondents in the study were in the first segment (3 C's); they were confident in using the Internet, felt it was convenient, and provided a good way to comparison shop. The smallest consumer segment was the store preferred segment-individuals who preferred traditional mortar-and-bricks shopping to online shopping. However, even this segment did report shopping online occasionally. Thus, the Internet is pervasive in consumer culture, and this is likely to increase over time. The advent of wireless networking may mean that eventually someone standing in a store could use the Internet to comparison shop the same item they are seeing on the store shelf. When considering the impact of the Internet on consumer behavior, it is important to consider the new "world brand" or global community implications of Internet advertising and buying. Though not everyone has an outlet for a particular store in their vicinity, if they have Internet access they can still buy the product. This presents special issues. Colors have different meanings across various cultures. Global mass marketing has moved beyond Coca-Cola, which sells essentially the same product worldwide. However, other corporations market globally in much the way that Nabisco markets Oreos. The increase in the number of online consumers is

Principl Fetures of Budgeting as a Plnning and Control System Term Paper

Principl Fetures of Budgeting as a Plnning and Control System - Term Paper Example    OperÐ °tionÐ °l control - the process of ensuring thÐ °t specific tÐ °sks Ð °re cÐ °rried out efficiently Ð °nd effectively. It is Ð ° very short term Ð °ctivity for junior mÐ °nÐ °gemen Ð °nd Ð °ddresses their tÐ °rgets for dÐ °y to dÐ °y Ð °ctivity both finÐ °nciÐ °l Ð °nd nonfinÐ °nciÐ °l. There Ð °re substÐ °ntiÐ °l differences between strÐ °tegic plÐ °ns Ð °nd long-term budgets--both in how they Ð °re creÐ °ted Ð °nd in the end products. Very few orgÐ °nizÐ °tions reÐ °lly need Ð ° multiyeÐ °r budget. In fÐ °ct, for mÐ °ny orgÐ °nizÐ °tions, including community bÐ °nks, they cÐ °n sometimes do more hÐ °rm thÐ °n good. How they differ. The function of the budget is to mÐ °intÐ °in, protect, Ð °nd Ð °llocÐ °te the orgÐ °nizÐ °tion's resources. The strÐ °tegic plÐ °n prepÐ °res the bÐ °nk to mÐ °ke future decisions, enÐ °bling it to tÐ °ke Ð °dvÐ °ntÐ °ge of opportunities Ð °s they Ð °rise Ð °nd to Ð °void or lessen t he effects of Ð °dverse developments. The most importÐ °nt difference between the two is in the wÐ °y they influence the bÐ °nk's decision-mÐ °king processes. Community bÐ °nks hÐ °ve two choices: they cÐ °n reÐ °ct to chÐ °nges in the mÐ °rketplÐ °ce Ð °fter they occur, or they cÐ °n Ð °ct now to shÐ °pe the environment they will fÐ °ce in the future. In budgeting, such criticÐ °l issues Ð °re predetermined, either Ð °s finÐ °lized decisions or Ð °s Ð °ssumptions. CentrÐ °l to budgeting is the tÐ °sk of forecÐ °sting levels of loÐ °ns, deposits, Ð °nd revenue. But forecÐ °sting is relÐ °tively unimportÐ °nt in strÐ °tegic plÐ °nning. SimilÐ °rly, the relÐ °tionship between costs Ð °nd revenue generÐ °tion must be Ð °ssumed in budgeting. In strÐ °tegic plÐ °nning, such relÐ °tionships Ð °re Ð °t best Ð ° secondÐ °ry considerÐ °tion.   True strÐ °tegic plÐ °nning encompÐ °sses no such Ð °ttempt to predetermine decisions. InsteÐ °d, it provides Ð ° guide or frÐ °mework within which future decision mÐ °king will tÐ °ke plÐ °ce. It emphÐ °sizes longer rÐ °nge objectives, not so much in terms of specific finÐ °nciÐ °l performÐ °nce, but in terms of where Ð °nd how the firm will position itself with respect to customers, regulÐ °tors, employees, product types, technology, Ð °nd the community. For exÐ °mple, Ð ° bÐ °nk locÐ °ted in Ð °n Ð °reÐ ° where the demogrÐ °phics Ð °re chÐ °nging substÐ °ntiÐ °lly mÐ °y need to reposition itself by developing new products Ð °nd services Ð °nd corresponding outreÐ °ch efforts to meet the shifting needs of the community.  

Was the use of atomic bomb on japan justified Essay

Was the use of atomic bomb on japan justified - Essay Example But was Truman’s decision justified or was ill informed? A controversial event in history that has divided scholars right in the middle, the use of the Atomic Bomb was but a justified decision that spared the United States an estimated 250,000, perhaps more, sure fatalities in there planned invasion of Japan in addition to millions of Japanese [soldiers and civilians alike] destined for a bloody fight-to-the-death battle in defense of a beloved fatherland. The True Story While the weight of the fateful decision fell right on the shoulders of Truman, the origins of the weapon began with the Roosevelt administration’s fear of a parallel development of the same by Germany. Leo Szilard’s confidential letter to the then President Franklin Roosevelt, signed off by his longtime friend and collaborator Albert Einstein, outlining Germany’s concerted efforts on nuclear weapons formed the foundation of the Manhattan Project [S-1], â€Å"one of the largest, best-kept secret, massive resource consuming, scientific undertakings ever witnessed in history† (Walker 311-312). Indeed, even Truman, the then vice president had no knowledge of the project and only learnt of it in office. Though actively engaged in atomic research, German scientists, as it would later turn out right after Germany’s surrender, were far from reaching a fissionable chemical combination that could deliver results rivaling the United States’. Japan’s similar initiatives were thrown into disarray in April 1945 with a B-29 raid on Tokyo facilities leaving anything of the sort inundated. (Frank 252-253). The fall of the previously Japanese controlled Marianas Islands early in the campaign gave the United States formidable footholds of bringing the war closer home to the remaining Japanese strongly-held islands. With surrender heavily disdained, reinforcement directives from Imperial General Headquarters [IGHQ] detailed in the â€Å"Plan for the Conduct of Future Operations† went out on the 24th July, 1944 with four points: 1. Patriotic defense of the Philippines, Ryukyu, Kurile, Formosa, Japan Islands and the entire Japanese homeland from the shoreline right into the interior. 2. Massive annihilation of the Allies by sea, land and by the remaining air power for any attempted advance through the United States’ planned amphibious assault to the crucial areas [the â€Å"Sho-Go† Operations]. 3. The last two points called for the prevention of American B-29 aircraft attacks operating from China to ensure better cover [overrunning China bomber bases to open up continental railroads as an alternative route to their Southern Resources Area]. 4. Identifying alternative southern sea routes [particularly to the China Coast] to safeguard important military shipments (Bradlley 189). With the new SHO operations that basically enlarged mobile defense writ, Japan hoped to gain decisive victory no matter the beachhead attacked by the enemy. SHO-1 and SHO-2, the battles of Philippines and Formosa-Ryukyu were planned for august; followed by SHO-3 and SHO-4 in the home islands and Hokkaido scheduled for October 1944. Having identified possible planned landing bases by the invasion forces, the supposedly defeated Japanese strategically stationed themselves to meet the visitors head-on at an equal strength. As a tactical approach, they [Japanese] planned to abandoned direct combat with the powerfully

Design Flaws on the Titanic

Design Flaws on the Titanic The sinking of the Titanic is one of the most well known sea disasters to date. It has had numerous songs, movies, books, and even a cruise planned in its honor. There were 2340 people aboard the ship when it set sail across the Atlantic on its maiden voyage. When it sank, there was a total loss of life of 1635 people (Myers 17) Not only are there several theories about the cause, there are several changes that came from the sinking of the Titanic that range from modifying the designs of the ships, regulations on type of materials used, and better laws and regulations for safety and communications. This disaster has affected the world as a whole, as there were people from different countries and social status that lost their lives in the disaster. In 1904, Trans-Atlantic British ships were all fitted with the radio equipment created by Guglielmo Marconi. The operators for these were previous operators from railroad lines and the postal telegraph. In England, the general call on land lines was CQ. When the wireless progressed to sea this became CQD signifying CQ general call, D distress. The Titanic first used CQD with the Titanics call letters MGY. Later, they would use this interspersing it with the newly created distress code of SOS. (McEwen) When the Titanic set sail it was equipped with the best available electrical generators and radio equipment for the wireless by Marconi Company. Which was the dominate provider of radio equipment and operators. It had 5 kilowatt motor generator with an emergency generator and batteries. The radio had a guaranteed range of 250 miles under any weather and could maintain communications over 400 miles. The antenna was four wires stretched between two masts with a height of 205 feet above sea level. This was fed by four individual wire feed lines. (Johnson) On the night of the 14th, the two operators, Jack Phillips and Harold Bride, were going through the backlog of communications due to radio equipment problems. The first message received mentioned ice. By 9:30PM, they had received various reports of the dangerous ice. They only responded with Thanks and continued on. By 10:55, the Californian said that they were stopped and surrounded by ice and they were told to shut by Phillips, and that they (the Titanic operators) were busy with Cape Race. (Cape Race Wireless in Newfoundland). However, Captain Edward J. Smith of the Titanic ordered the change in course based on four of the received messages. Three warnings were received from the crows nest. (Myers 46) Even fifteen minutes before the Titanic struck, the lookout men had reported seeing an iceberg. No attention was paid to the warnings. (Myers 47) This was at 11:15pm. Murdock, the officer in charge of the bridge, was accused of being tardy in answering the call from lookouts. That without his tardiness, the Titanic could have averted the disaster, allowing her to turn enough to hit the iceberg with her stern. (Myers 48) It was also noted that disaster could have been averted had the lookout men in the crows nest been equipped with binoculars. They had requested these in Belfast, only to be turned away empty-handed. The Titanic was 900 ft long, 25 stories high, and weighed 46, 000 tons. It was created with turn of the century design and technology. It possessed 16 major watertight compartments in the lower section of the boat. These were easily sealed off if the hull was punctured. In the worse accident at sea (two ships collide) the Titanic should have been able to stay afloat for 2-3 days allowing time for resue. (Bassett) However, after the collision with the iceberg, the hull part of 6 of the 16 compartments were damaged. They sealed off the compartments but when the bow of the ship pitched forward from the water weight in that area, the water spilled over into the other adjacent compartments. They were only watertight horizontally, the tops were open and the walls extended only a few feet above the waterline. (Bassett) These compartments are what caused the general belief that the Titanic was practically unsinkable. However it is found that without those compartments the water would have sp read out, preventing the bow from weighing the ship down below water level. The White Star Line modified the Titanic sister ships, Olympic and Britannic, by extending the double bottoms up the sides of the hull, and the transverse bulkhead compartments were raised. (Garzke and others) In addition to the design flaws, it was found that the hull steel and wrought iron rivets failed due to brittle fracture. This is a type of failure in structural materials that occurs without prior deformation and at extremely high speeds. Brittle fracture is caused by low temperatures, high impact load, and high sulphur content. At the night of the collision, all three causes were present. (Bassett) Scientists recovered a piece of the hull steel and noted that the edges were jagged and sharp, shattered as if it was china. The metal showed no evidence of bending or deformation. High quality steel is more ductile and will deform rather than break. (Gannon, 1995) The steel recovered from the Titanic was given the Charpy test This is where a cigarette sized coupon of steel from the wreck was held against steel backing and struck with a 67lb pendulum on a 2 ÂÂ ½ ft long arm. This was compared with modern steel and they were placed in a alcohol bath at -1ÂÂ °C to simulate the co nditions of the disaster. The modern steel bent into a v, wereas the Titanic steel pinged, the pendulum barely slowed and the broken piece flew across the room (Bassett) The wrought iron rivets in the hull were also have shown to fail due to brittle facture. In addition to that design flaws, tests have shown that lesser quality iron rivets when they hit the iceberg, the weaker rivets in the bow popped, opening the seams in the hull (Hooply-McCarty and Foeck) From the beginning of the voyage, there were not enough lifeboats for the amount of people on the ship. If the lifeboats were filled to capacity, they would fit 1100 people( Myers 17) The designer had allowed room on deck for 2 rows of lifeboats. One row was removed in order to make the deck ascetically pleasing.(Bassett) The British Board of Trade regulations at that time stated that all British vessels over 10,000 tons must carry 16 lifeboats with a capacity of 5,500 cubic feet, plus enough rafts and floats for 75% of the lifeboats. These were obviously out of date as steamships had greatly grown in size proven by Titanics 46, 000 tons. Actually, The White Star Line had provided 20 lifeboats which was more than required by law, but inadequate for the amount of passengers on board. There were multiple changes in the laws and regulations after the Titanic disaster. After the Titanic sank, they strengthened the laws governing the use of radio equipment on ocean liners. (Gale Group 199 9) There were new established safety regulations. The US government also began ice patrols to alert the English and US boats of approaching ice fields, they made sure the lifeboats were supplied properly, and change the requirements regarding lifeboats. Up to this point, lifeboats were based on tonnage, and this was change so that every person aboard the ship had a seat on the lifeboat. They also established lifeboat drills that were held once the ship sailed. (Visible Ink Press) The Titanic barely made a noise when it struck the iceberg. Large amounts of the passengers had already gone to bed. Stewards and other members of crew were sent to arouse the people. Some refused to get up. The crew almost had to force the doors of the staterooms to make them appreciate their peril; many were drowned like rats in a trap.(Myers 53) The slight lean the ship had as it was sinking, contributed to a larger loss of life, as few could believe that there was danger, and this resulted in the passengers going back to their various activities, or going to dress. Once on the deck, many hesitated to enter the swinging life-boats. The glassy sea, the starlit sky, the absence, in the first few moments of intense excitement, gave them the feeling that there was only some slight mishap; that those who got on the boats would have a chilly half hour below and might, later, be laughed at. (Myers 57) The call was put out that the lifeboats would be filled with women and children first. This caused a panic as many women clung to their husbands and refused to be separated. A number of steerage passengers were yelling, screaming and fighting to get on board. Officers drew guns and told them if they moved towards the boats they would be shot dead. (Myers 59) However, once on the lifeboats, it was discovered that there was a lack of necessary equipment. The boats were filled 1/3 to capacity, with no supplies, no way to raise sails or operate sailboats. (Myers 72) Several of the lifeboats would return to allow some fo the survivors ot climb into the lifeboa ts, escaping from the freezing water. The RMS Carpathia was the closest ship to the disaster that responded, and would be the one that brought the survivors to New York City. The total loss of life would amount to 1635 people. (Myers 17) From these survivors, a large portion of these are children from first and second class. Only 27 children were saved from the 79 total of third class passengers. This could also be contributed to the language barrier due to the large amount of foreign third class passengers. There were a total of 425 women aboard the ship, from first, second, third class, and crewmembers. Out of these, 316 survived. The majority loss of life, also coming from the third class passengers. Only 338 men survived the sinking, this is out of all 1352 men aboard. This is partially due to the women and children first rule. At the time of voyage, there were a variety of the rich and powerful on the Titanic. These included: John Jacob Astor IV and his wife, Madelein, Macys owner Isidor Straus, and his wife, Ida, silent film actress, Dorothy Gibson, the Countess of Rothes, Denver millionaire, Margaret Brown, Sir Cosmo Duff Gordon, and his couturier wife, streetcar magnate, George Dunton Widner, Pennsylvania railroad executive John Borland Thayer and his 17yr old son, and U.S. presidential aide Major Archibald Butt. When news of the Titanic spread, the resulting panic insued because of some of the worlds movers and shakers were on that boat, and the public worried about how this would effect them. The Titanic is one of the great sea disasters to date. The resulting loss of life and loss of large amounts of money, mail, and various riches that couldnt be replaced, or retrieved. There are no survivors left of this disaster, however to this day, Belfast mourns the loss of 123 people from Lebanon traveling on the Titanic along with mostly European passengers and Asian crew. Every year they lay a wreath to commemorate the loss. (The Irish Times.) The ultimate cause of the Titanic sinking was from striking an iceberg on its voyage from Belfast to its ultimate destination of New York. During the time they were crossing the North Atlantic, they were also battling a coal fire in one of the bunkers. It was assumed that the crew was attempting to break speed records at that time. However, the ship was built for comfort, rather than speed. And in further investigation of reports from surviving crew, the fire has become another factor as to why ship was moving so fast after reports came in about the ice fields in an area of the North Atlantic that made the travel distance shorter from the original planned route. If there was a reason for speed, it had to be something important, like a fire in a coal bunker that neede to be kept under control and put out as soon as the ship reached port.(Science Daily) The multitude of complications that arouse from this maiden voyage changed history from the large loss of life. This could have been avoided with simple precautions, and a more realistic idea of the unsinkable Titanic. The communication issue on the Titanic is what pioneered the wireless world today. The new regulations for ships at sea, resulted in more and better equipped lifeboats and ice patrols in areas known for ice fields. The designs and materials used for the ships were changed to allow for safer ships, preventing the shattering of steel or water weighting down the ship. Without this disaster, would we have progressed this far so fast?

Theatrical Sound Designer :: Essays Papers

Theatrical Sound Designer The sound designer is responsible for handling the audio requirements of a theatrical performance. This includes the creation of sound effect cues, sound reinforcement, mixing, and possibly Foley. â€Å"Sound designers develop the aural, or sound, cues crucial to play’s mood. Running water, traffic, the murmuring of a crowd or the strains of music are the kinds of sound effects used as an integral part of a production.† (Mauro p.96) Along with the creation of sound, the sound designer must work in concert with all members of the design team from the lighting designer to the set designer, in order to create a total package. One of the first jobs a sound designer has is to read the script and create an effects cue sheet. A cue sheet is a list of the sound effects needed during a performance as determined by stage direction or intuition, such as a telephone ring, thunder, or the sound of a passing train. These sound effects may be created live during the performance using Foley, but more often than not the sound designer will utilize a keyboard and sampler, a CD player, or even a cassette tape deck. Depending on the theater the sound designer may have to employ some sound reinforcement techniques, such as micing the actors with wireless microphones or placing microphone such as PZMs on or around the stage. All of these signals are then routed through a mixing broad, which the sound designer operates during the performance. Although no formal training is required, experience in audio engineering, music theory, and basic stagecraft would be very beneficial. â€Å"Working in radio or for a studio that dubs sound cues in music could provide excellent experience.† (Mauro p.102) Most literature recommends an apprenticeship for breaking into the business, tacking a position as a sound person for example. A sound person implements the requirements but forth by sound designers and might also be expected to place the microphones and speakers. A sound person can expect to make anywhere from $250 to $1250 a week. (Field p.271-273) Depending on the market and venue a sound designer can expect to make $300-$1000 a week, to $100,000 a show for a Broadway production.